Learning Objectives
Chapter 1 & 2: Understanding and Motivating Older Adults
Chapter Objectives:
- Assess the effect of aging on learning and motivation.
- Articulate the theories of health-related behavior changes.
- Apply the behavior change strategies affecting motivation of older adults.
- Analyze communication and leadership skills related to older adults.
- Demonstrate an awareness of participants' feedback during a fitness class by acknowledging individual differences, considering potential diverse cultural and educational backgrounds.
Chapter 3: Physiology of Aging and Exercise
Chapter Objectives:
- Identify the difference between chronological and functional age.
- List the common measures of functional age.
- Discuss the theories of aging.
- List the structural changes associated with aging and their functional consequences.
- State the benefits of exercise to cardiovascular function, pulmonary function, blood lipids, muscle strength and endurance, & flexibility (physiological systems).
- Identify the short term and long term psychological benefits of exercise and relate them to class design and leadership.
- Discuss the social implications and identify the social benefits of regular physical activity.
- Identify and describe the three levels of the health-fitness gradient.
- Describe general principles of exercise programming for older adults.
Chapter 5 & 6: Pre-Exercise Screening and Physical-fitness Assessment:
Chapter Objectives:
- State 4 purposes of the pre-screening process.
- Discuss limitations of defining the older adult according to chronological age.
- Define biological age.
- List factors that affect the rate of aging.
- Identify evidence that physiologic aging advances more rapidly with inactivity.
- Define and give examples of Activities of Daily Living (ADL).
- Discuss the procedures utilized in pre-exercise screening.
- List adverse physical side effects and effects on exercise response that can occur from use and misuse of medications.
- State the reasons why older adults are more vulnerable to adverse reactions to medications.
- Discuss the use of heart rate monitoring with older adults.
- Describe the use of scales to rate perceived exertion, degree of difficulty, pain or breathlessness.
- List 3 reasons for using the talk-test with older adults.
- List reasons for including pre-exercise interview, physical assessment, ongoing assessment and post-exercise response as part of the process of working with older adults in an exercise setting.
Chapter 7: Older Adult Exercise Techniques:
Chapter Objectives:
- Evaluate older adult exercise safety precautions and guidelines specific to each functional grouping.
- Assess the appropriateness of an exercise/exercises for a specific individual/group.
- Apply specific training guidelines for aerobic, strength and flexibility components.
- Determine why music should and should not be used in an older adult fitness class.
Chapter 8: Exercise Programming:
Chapter Objectives:
- Identify and describe the five levels of functional ability.
- Identify program needs of each of the five levels of functional ability.
- Describe the basic programming required for each of the five functional ability levels.
- Describe recommended methods of monitoring the exercise intensity of an older adult.
- Understand the importance of the warm-up and cool-down components in all class levels.
- Identify characteristics a leader and class structure should possess.
- Explain the importance of evaluating external factors (e.g., facility, staff, costs) prior to developing and recruiting participants for classes.
- Review recommendations on where to focus your marketing efforts.
- Indicate strategies a leader can use to increase compliance and motivation.
Chapter 9: Common Health Challenges Faced by Older Adults:
Chapter Objectives:
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Articulate the specifics of each medical condition in relation to older adults and exercise. (cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, neurological, visual and auditory).
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Analyze exercise guidelines specific to individuals with chronic diseases.
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Describe the physiological responses to common medications for older adults.